Consular cooperation in third states: Some aspects concerning europanisation of foreign service for EU citizens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46282/blr.2017.1.1.57Keywords:
consular relations, administrative law, cooperation of administrative authorities, EEASAbstract
The EU does not aim to harmonize the public administration of Member States, although, in recent years, there have been several examples which prove that EU legislation in whatever policy inevitably and unavoidably results in some standardization. In 2015 the EU replaced its former decision with a directive to enhance Member States to co-ordinate consular assistance in third States. Every EU citizen has the right to enjoy, in the territory of a third State in which the Member State of which they are nationals is not represented, the protection of the diplomatic and consular authorities of any Member State on the same conditions as the nationals of that State. This provision of Article 23 of TFEU not solely requires the cooperation of administrative authorities of foreign service but implicitly means a kind of harmonization of substantive law, leads to organizational changes and affects administrative procedural rules of Member States.
References
AUST, A.: Handbook of International Law. Cambridge: CUP, 2010. 592 pages, ISBN: 9780521133494.
BALFOUR, R. – RAIK, K.: Equipping the European Union for the 21st century. National diplomacies, the European External Action Service and the making of EU foreign policy. FIIA Report 36, 2013; 67 pages. ISBN 978-951-769-v.
BALFOUR, R. – RAIK, K.: Learning to dance to the same tune? The European External Action Service and National Diplomacies. European Policy Center, 17 January 2013. http://epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_3231_learning_to_dance_to_the_same_tune.pdf (31.08.2016.).
BATTINI, S.: The Impact of EU Law and Globalization on Consular Assistance and Diplomatic Protection. CHITI, E. – MATTARELLA, B.G. (eds.): Global Administrative Law and EU Administrative Law. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011.AUST, A.: Handbook of International Law. Cambridge: CUP, 2010. 592 pages, ISBN: 9780521133494. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20264-3_9
BALFOUR, R. – RAIK, K.: Equipping the European Union for the 21st century. National diplomacies, the European External Action Service and the making of EU foreign policy. FIIA Report 36, 2013; 67 pages. ISBN 978-951-769-v.
BALFOUR, R. – RAIK, K.: Learning to dance to the same tune? The European External Action Service and National Diplomacies. European Policy Center, 17 January 2013. http://epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_3231_learning_to_dance_to_the_same_tune.pdf (31.08.2016.).
BATTINI, S.: The Impact of EU Law and Globalization on Consular Assistance and Diplomatic Protection. CHITI, E. – MATTARELLA, B.G. (eds.): Global Administrative Law and EU Administrative Law. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20264-3_9
BECÁNICS, A.: Konzuli védelem és segítségnyújtás az Európai Unió perspektívájából. KARLOVITZ, J. T. (ed.): Fejlődő jogrendszer és gazdasági környezet a változó társadalomban. 2014. ISBN 978-80-89691-21-0. http://www.irisro.org/tarstud2015aprilis/index.html (02.09.2016.), pp. 25-30.
CARE Final Report. Consular and Diplomatic Protection. Legal Framework in the EU Member States. 2010. http://www.careproject.eu/images/stories/ConsularAndDiplomaticProtection.pdf (18.08.2016.) ISBN 978-88-905764-1-6. 701 pages.
Case C-122/96, Saldanha and MTS/Hiross, [1997] ECR, I-5325, paragraph 15.
COM(2009) 263 Qnal. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Justice, Freedom and Security in Europe since 2005: An Evaluation of the Hague Programme and Action Plan. Brussels, 10.6.2009 COM(2009) 263 Qnal.
Consular Cooperation Initiatives - Final report. Presented by the CCI Core Team to the EU Working Party for Consular Affairs COCON – 8. CFSP/PESC 345, 29 April 2016 Brussels. 29 pages.
Consular Directive. Council Directive 2015/637 of 20 April 2015 on the coordination and cooperation measures to facilitate consular protection for unrepresented citizens of the Union in third countries and repealing Decision 95/553/EC. OJ L 106, 24.4.2015, pp. 1-13.
Council Decision of 1995. Decision of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council of 19 December 1995 regarding protection for citizens of the European Union by diplomatic and consular representations. OJ L 314 , 28/12/1995, pp. 73 – 76.
Directive on family reunification. Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification. OJ L 251 3.10.2003, pp. 12-18.
EEAS Decision. Council Decision of 26 July 2010 establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service. OJ L 201, 3.8.2010, pp. 30-40.
ETD Decision. 96/409/CSFP: Decision of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council of 25 June 1996 on the establishment of an emergency travel document. OJ L 168, 06.07.1996, pp. 4 – 11.
EU Charter. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. OJ C 326, 26.10.2012, pp. 391-407.
Flash EB Series #188 Consular Protection. DG Justice, Freedom and Security Survey, Eurobarometer, 2006. http://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/dataset/S572_188 (18.08.2016.) 67 pages.
Flash Eurobarometer #430. European Union Citizenship. Eurobarometer, 2015. http://ec.europa.eu/justice/citizen/document/files/2016-flash-eurobarometer-430-citizenship_en.pdf (18.08.2016.). 96 pages.
GEYER, F.: The External Dimension of EU Citizenship. Arguing for Effective Protection of Citizens Abroad. CEPS, No. 136. July 2007, pp. 1-11.
Green Paper: Diplomatic and consular protection of Union citizens in third countries. Brussels, 28.11.2006, COM(2006)712 final.
GYENEI, L.: Kettős állampolgárság az Európai Unió erőterében. In: Iustum Aequum Salutare, IX. 2013, 2, pp. 157–168.
HCA. Act XLVI of 2001 on consular protection. Hungarian Offcial Journal, 75/2001 (VII. 3.).
HCD. Directive 17/2001 (XI. 15.) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the detailed regulation of consular protection. Hungarian Official Journal, 127/2001 (XI. 15.)
KRŪMA, K.: EU Citizenship, Nationality and Migrant Status: an Ongoing Challenge. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013. 498 pages, ISBN 9789004251588. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004251595_032
Lead State Guideline. Council European Union guidelines on the implementation of the consular Lead State concept (2008/C 317/06) OJ C 317, 12.12.2008, pp. 6–8.
Maastricht Treaty. Treaty on European Union. OJ C 191, 29.07.1992, pp. 1-110.
Model Rules. Welcome to ReNEUAL – the Research Network on EU Administrative Law. http://www.reneual.eu/ (31.08.2016)
Proposal for a Council Directive on consular protection for citizens of the Union abroad. COM/2011/0881 final - 2011/0432 (CNS)
SCHIFFNER, I.: A diplomáciai védelem gyakorlásának eszközei, avagy a fogalom-meghatározás és az elhatárolás problémái. In: Acta Universitatis Szegediensis de Attila József Nominatae Sectio Juridica Politica, Tom. LXXII. Fasc. 18, 2009, pp. 523-544.
SCHIFFNER, I.: Az uniós polgárok konzuli védelmének lehetőségei a tagállamok gyakorlatában. In: Forum: Acta Juridica et Politica, Vol. 2. No. 1, 2012, pp. 169-186.
SLOANE, R. D.: Breaking the Genuine Link: The Contemporary International Legal Regulation of Nationality. In: Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2009, pp. 1-60.
TEU. Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union. OJ C 326, 10.2012, pp. 13-45.
TFEU. Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. OJ C 326, 26.10.2012, pp. 47-197.
TINDALL, K.: Governments’ Ability to Assist Nationals in Disasters Abroad: What Do We Know about Consular Emergency Management? In: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2012, pp. 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2011.00659.x
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community. OJ C 306, 17.12.2000, pp. 1-283.
VAN VOOREN, B. – WESSEL, R. A.: External representation and the European External Action Service : selected legal challenges. CLEER Working Papers 2012/5, pp. 59-82.
VARGA, ZS. A.: Gyorsértékelés az európai közigazgatási eljárási modell-szabályokról. In: Magyar Jog, 2014/10, 2014, pp. 545–555.
VCCR. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, Vienna, 24 April 1963, 596 UNTS 261.
VCDR. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, Vienna, 18 April 1961, 500 UNTS 95.
VERMEER-KÜNZLI, A: Where the Law Becomes Irrelevant: Consular Assistance and the European Union. In: International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 2011, vol. 60, pp. 965–995. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000455
WESSEL, R. A.: Can the EU Replace its Member States International in International Affairs? An International Law Perspective. In: The European Union in the World: Essays in Honour of Marc Maresceau (Govaere, I. - Lannon, E - van Elsuwege, P. – Adameds S. eds.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013, ISBN 978-90-04-25904-8, pp. 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004259140_009
Downloads
Published
License
The Author(s) transfers copyright to the Article to the Publisher of the Journal by the Licence Agreement.
The Author(s) retains rights specified in the Licence Agreement.
The readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all of the Article of the Journal and use them for any other lawful purpose under specified Creative Commons Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Emberi Eroforrások Minisztériuma
Grant numbers UNKP-17-4-III-SZTE-10
