International Trade Law and Emerging Technologies
A Conceptual Framework
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46282/blr.2020.4.2.201Keywords:
New technologies, industry 4.0, autonomous vehicles, technology and law, international trade law, WTOAbstract
The paper aims to establish a conceptual framework for a relation between technological development and the international trade law. Uncovering the complex interaction between these two areas of the social reality is important today, when we are witnessing an intense period of technological revolution, which transforms not only the trade, but also the whole economy, and at the same time, it also creates challenges to the international trade law. The paper sheds light on the background of these processes and offers an introductory analysis with the aim of mapping the topic and the relevant literature. For this reason, the paper examines the roots of this context, and tries to respond the questions, what are the main challenges this revolution poses to international trade law, and how this area of law can rely upon its infrastructure to respond these challenges.
References
Years of the Information Technology Agreement. Boosting trade, innovation and digital connectivity (2017). Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Aaronson, S. A., & Leblond, P. (2018). Another Digital Divide: The Rise of Data Realms and its Implications for the WTO. Journal of International Economic Law, 21(2), 245–272. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy019.
Abbott, F. M. (1997). Public Policy and Global Technological Integration: An Introduction. Public Policy and Global Technological Integration, Kluwer Law International. FSU College of Law, Public Law Research Paper; FSU College of Law, Law, Business & Economics Paper. Retrieved from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1989042.
Baldwin, R. (2016). The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2019.1644736.
Burri, M., & Cottier, T. (Eds.). (2012). Trade Governance in the Digital Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139136716.
Burri, M. (2019). Understanding and Shaping Trade Rules for the Digital Era. In M. Elsig, M. Hahn, & G. Spilker (Eds.), The Shifting Landscape of Global Trade Governance (pp. 73–106). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108757683.004.
Ciuriak, D. &Ptashkina, M. (2018). Started the digital trade wars have: Delineating the regulatory battlegrounds. Opinion, RTA Exchange, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. Retrieved from: https:// papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3098982.
Ciuriak, D. (2018). The Digital Transformation and the Transformation of International Trade. RTA Exchange. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development and the Inter-American Development Bank. Retrieved from www.rtaexchange.org/; https:// papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3107811.
Ciuriak, D. (2019). The Economics of Data: Implications for the Data-Driven Economy. 10 Policy Brief No. 152 — July 2019. Data Governance in the Digital Age. Waterloo: Centre for International Governance Innovation. Retrieved from: www. cigionline.org/data-governance-digital-age.
Cottier, T. & Oesch, M (2005). International Trade Regulation: the Law and Policy of the WTO, the European Union and Switzerland. Berne, London: Cameron May and Staempfli Publishers.
Cottier, T. (2017). Technology and the Law of International Trade Regulation. (R. Brownsword, E. Scotford, & K. Yeung, Eds.) (Vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.63.
Cottier, T. (1996). The Impact of New Technologies on Multilateral Trade Regulation and Governance - The New Global Technology Regime. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 72, 415.
Evenett, Simon: Triage? Assessing the EU’s Modernisation Proposals for the WTO. Intereconomics, 2018, 53 (5): 253–256.
Gasser, T.M. (2015). Grundlegende und spezielle Rechtsfragen für autonome Fahrzeuge. Autonomes Fahren (M. Maurer, J. Gerdes, B. Lenz, H. Winner, Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 543. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45854-9_25.
Glancy, D.J. (2015). Autonomous and Automated and Connected Cars—Oh My! First Generation Autonomous Cars in the Legal Ecosystem. Minnesota journal of law, science & technology, 16, 619.
Gruszczynski, L. (2010). Regulating Health and Environmental Risks under WTO Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578924.001.0001.
Hoekman, B. (2018). Revitalizing Multilateral Governance at the World Trade Organization Report of the High-Level Board of Experts on the Future of Global Trade Governance. Bertelsmann Stiftung. Retrieved from: www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/en/publications/ publication/did/revitalizing-multilateralgovernance- at-the-world-trade-organization/.
Hummels, D. (2007). Transportation Costs and International Trade in the Second Era of Globalization. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(3), 131–154. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.3.131.
Jacks, D. S., Meissner, C. M., & Novy, D. (2008). Trade Costs, 1870–2000. American Economic Review, 98(2), 529–534. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.529.
Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P., & Marrs, A. (2013). Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. New York: McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/disruptive-technologies.
Khan, L. (2019). The Separation of Platforms and Commerce. Columbia Law Review, 119(4), 973–1093.
Schwab, K. (2015, December 12) The Fourth Industrial Revolution. What It Means and How to Respond. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-12-12/fourth-industrial-revolution.
Lundgren, N.G. (1996). Bulk trade and maritime transport costs: The evolution of global markets. Resources Policy, 2(1-2), 5–32.
Pollack, M.A. &Shaffer, G.C. (2009). When Cooperation Fails: The International Law and Politics of Genetically Modified Foods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Porter, M.E. & Heppelmann, J.E. (November 2014). How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https:// hbr.org/2014/11/how-smart-connectedproducts-are-transforming-competition.
Schneider-Petsinger, M. (2019, May 7). The Path Forward on WTO Reform. Chatham House. Retrieved from www.chathamhouse.org/expert/ comment/path-forward-wto-reform.
Schrode, H.Z. (2011). Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition of Standards in WTO Law. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer.
Wolfrum, R., Stoll, P.-T., & Seibert-Fohr, A. (Eds.). (2007). WTO - Technical Barriers and SPS Measures. Leiden, Boston: Brill | Nijhoff. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004145641.i-565.
World Trade Report 2018: The future of world trade: How digital technologies are transforming global commerce (2018). Geneva: World Trade Organization.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 55 U.N.T.S. 194.
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, 1868 U.N.T.S. 120.
Recommendation of the European Parliament on the draft Council decision on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of an agreement in the form of the Declaration on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products (ITA) (06925/2016 – C8‑0141/2016 – 2016/0067(NLE))
World Trade Organization, WTO Members Submit Proposals Aimed at Advancing Exploratory E-commerce Work Bridges 22 (13), April 19, 2018. Retrieved from www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/ wto-members-submit-proposals-aimedat-advancing-exploratory-e-commerce.
World Trade Organization, Joint Statement on Electronic Commerce. WTO press release WT/L/1056, January 25, 2019.
World Trade Organization, Ministerial declaration of 16 December 2015, on the expansion of trade in information technology products (06926/2016)
World Trade Organization, DS26: European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones). Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds26_e.htm.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Bratislava Law Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Author(s) transfers copyright to the Article to the Publisher of the Journal by the Licence Agreement.
The Author(s) retains rights specified in the Licence Agreement.
The readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all of the Article of the Journal and use them for any other lawful purpose under specified Creative Commons Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).