Legal BIM in Italy
An Administrative Case-Law Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46282/blr.2025.9.1.892Keywords:
Administrative Jurisdiction, BIM, Case-Law Study, Italy, Public ProcurementsAbstract
The evolution of new technologies in the construction sector has led to a new building method. In concrete terms, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has revolutionised the construction work method. Although the most significant BIM literature focuses on natural sciences, in Italy, BIM is also heavily used in public procurements. While the EU law, Article 22(4) Dir. 2014/24/EU, stimulated the application of building information electronic modelling tools, in 2017, in Italy, a Ministerial Decree, required the use of it for all public tenders over 100 million EUR from January 2019, which every year would have decreased until January 2025 with 1 million EUR (Article 6 MD no. 560 of 1st December 2017). Although this Ministerial Decree is not in force anymore, the new Code of Public Contracts of April 2023 confirmed the threshold and the temporal view. In other words, the Code of Public Contracts of 2023 requires BIM for all public tenders over 1 million euros starting from January 2025. So, while the EU only incentivised EU Member States, the Italian legislator included BIM as a mandatory requirement through a secondary source in 2017 or a primary source in 2023. This research values the role of Italian administrative judges in legal BIM. Its goal is to uncover the position of Italian judges that can also be used by other judges when they deal with similar issues. In addition, it considers whether new technologies have changed the approach that judges use when deciding public procurements where BIM is included.
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Annex: Decisions Analysed
Council of State
Council of State, Decision, Session III, No. 06058/2019 of 02/09/2019.
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 02078/2022 of 22/03/2022 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Sardegna, Session I, no. 683 of 7/12/2020).
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 02276/2019 del 08/04/2019 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Marche, Decision, Sez. I, n. 398/2018).
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 02873/2023 del 21/03/2023 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Calabria-Sezione staccata di Reggio Calabria n. 00878/2021).
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 04731/2023 del 10/05/2023 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lombardia, Session I, no. 01980/2022).
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 07805/2019 of 13/11/2019 (appeal of Regional Administrative Tribunal of Piemonte, Decision, No. 00059/2019 of 16/01/2019) .
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 07908/2020 of 10/12/2020 (appeal of Regional Administrative Tribunal of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Decision, Session I, No. 00008/2020 of 07/01/2020) .
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 08173/2023 del 05/09/2023 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, Session Quarta-bis, 23/12/2022, no. 17487).
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 09937/2023 del 20/11/2023 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Toscana; Session I, no. 00977/2022).
Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. N. 10640/2023 del 11/12/2023 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Salerno; Session I, no. n. 01562/2023).
Council of State, Not-final Decision, Session V, No. 00048/2022 del 07/01/2022 (appeal: Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Sez. I, n. omiss).
Council of State, Opinion, No. 01349/2019 of 18/04/2019.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Basilicata
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Basilicata, Decision, Session I, No 00598/2020 of 28/09/2020.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Calabria
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Calabria, Decision, Session Reggio Calabria, No. 00878/2021.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Calabria, Decision, Session Reggio Calabria, No. 00012/2024 del 03/01/2024.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Session I, No. 00319/2023 del 13/01/2023.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Session I, No. 03249/2020 of 22/07/2020 (same case with Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Ordinance, Session II, No. 01144/2020 of 15/09/2020) .
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Session I, No. 03779/2021 of 07/06/2021.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Session VIII, No. 05468/2023 of 09/10/2023.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Session I, n. omiss.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decree, Session I, No. 01991/2019 del 18/12/2019.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Ordinance, Session V, No. 00806/2019 of 22/05/2019.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Ordinance, Session II, No. 01144/2020 of 15/09/2020 (same case with Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Decision, Session I, No. 03249/2020 of 22/07/2020).
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania, Session of Salerno; Session I, no. n. 01562/2023 (appeal: Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. N. 10640/2023 del 11/12/2023).
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Emilia Romagna
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Emilia Romagna, Decision, Session II, No. 00117/2020 del 06/02/2020.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Emilia Romagna, Decision, Session II, No. 00452/2017 del 30/05/2017.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Emilia Romania, Decision, Session II, No. 00117/2020 del 06/02/2020.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Emilia Romagna, Session II, Decision, no. 01047/2016 of 14/06/2017.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Friuli Venezia Giulia
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Decision, Session I, No. 00008/2020 of 07/01/2020.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Decision, Session I, No. 00008/2020 del 07/01/2020.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, Decision, Session II, No. 09178/2018 del 06/09/2018.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, Decision, Session IV, No. 17947/2022 of 30/12/2022.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, Decision, Session Seconda Ter, No. 10474/2020 del 14/10/2020.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, Decision, Session Seconda Ter, No. 06281/2023 del 11/04/2023.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lazio, Session Quarta-bis, 23/12/2022, no. 17487.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Liguria
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Liguria, Decision, Session I, No. 00564/2021 del 21/06/2021.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Liguria, Decision, Session I, No. 00930/2018 of 26/11/2018.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Liguria, Decision, Session I, No. 00640/2018 of 23/07/2018.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lombardia
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lombardia, Decision, Session I, No. 01932/2019 of 28/08/2019.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lombardia, Decision, Session I, No. 01210/2017 of 29/05/2017.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Lombardia, Session I, no. 01980/2022 (Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 04731/2023 del 10/05/2023) .
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Marche
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Marche, Decision, Session I, No. 00398/2018 of 30/05/2018.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Marche, Decision, Sez. I, n. 398/2018.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Piemonte
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Piemonte, Decision, No. 00059/2019 of 16/01/2019
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Piemonte, Decision, Session I, No. 00074/2021 of 22/01/2021.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Piemonte, Decision, Session II, No. 00103/2016 of 29/01/2016.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Puglia
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Puglia, Decision, Session II, No. 00106/2022 del 20/01/2022.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Sardegna
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Sardegna, Decision, Session II, No. 00027/2021 del 19/01/2021.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Sardegna, Session I, no. 683 of 7/12/2020 (appeal: Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 02078/2022 of 22/03/2022).
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Sicilia
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Sicilia, Decision, Session II, No. 00529/2023 of 16/02/2023.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Toscana
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Toscana, Decision, Session I, No. 01438/2019 25/10/2019.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Toscana, Decision, Session I, no. 00977/2022 of 02/08/2022 (Council of State, Decision, Session V, No. 09937/2023 del 20/11/2023).
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Trento
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Trento, Decision, Unique Sect., No. 00176/2023 del 07/11/2023.
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Veneto
Regional Administrative Tribunal of Veneto, Decision, Session III, No. 01709/2022 of 07/11/2022.
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